Maps, Rivers and Consent: Legitimacy in India’s Himalayan Frontier Politics

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Dr Abhigya Langeh* argues that India’s territorial case in the Himalayas vis-à-vis China’s assertions is strongest when its border communities are participants in it and suggests a rethink on its approach to dealing with the stakeholders on its side of the Tibet-border.

The exchange in October 2026 over twenty-eight Himalayan place names is instructive less for what it says about nomenclature than for the terrain on which the India-China boundary dispute is now conducted. The Home Ministry placed the names on the Survey of India map on October 2, and Beijing replied that it has never recognised the “so-called Union Territory of Ladakh” and that the exercise was illegal...

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